The establishment and management of protected areas has become a universally accepted way to conserve biodiversity, and the wide range of goods and services they offer. Using the environmental vulnerability index (EVI), devised by the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) as the theoretical framework, a vulnerability assessment model was developed and used to assess the vulnerability of Bach Ma National Park. The model utilizes spatial multi-criteria decision analysis, combined with a geographic information system (GIS) platform, and can be generalized to assess the vulnerability of other national parks in Vietnam. This paper illustrates the case of Bach Ma National Park in Central Vietnam. The park is threatened by a high loss of biodiversity, particularly through hunting of wildlife for local consumption and trade, the illegal extraction of timber, and the collection of non-timber forest products.