from: to:

call

Call for contributions on the special issue “Delayed Reproduction” →

Journal Header
Bild

One or two pathways to individual modernity? The effects of education on family formation among women in Japan and Germany

    Bernhard Nauck, Rokuro Tabuchi

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2012, pp. 49-76, 2013/01/16

doi: 10.1553/populationyearbook2012s49


PDF
X
BibTEX-Export:

X
EndNote/Zotero-Export:

X
RIS-Export:

X 
Researchgate-Export (COinS)

Permanent QR-Code

doi:10.1553/populationyearbook2012s49


Abstract

Two prominent theses on social change concur with regard to the on-goingdevelopment of family systems in the process of general social change: the modelof the “second demographic transition”, suggested by the demographers van deKaa and Lesthaeghe; and the model of “family change”, proposed by the crossculturalpsychologist Kağıtçıbaşı. This paper presents an empirical test based onan analysis of family change in Japan, a collectivistic, yet modernised society;and in Germany, a society characterised by ‘Western’ individualism. Ourempirical test is based on 12 cumulated, representative surveys from these twosocieties, which together cover the family formation processes of 49,983 womenborn between 1915 and 1985. For both Germany and Japan, we examine theinfluence of educational inequality on family formation, and explore how it haschanged over a period of 60 years, by means of multivariate Cox regressionanalyses. The two models emphasise different aspects of the change in the familyformation process: although the changes point in the direction predicted by thesecond demographic transition model, the differences between the two societieshave remained stable or have even widened, in line with the family change model.

Published Online: 2013/01/16 10:11:24

Object Identifier: 0xc1aa5572 0x002d689c

Document viewed: 11299

Rights: All rights reserved. For questions regarding copyright and copies please contact us by email.

REFERENCES Alt, C. 1991. Stichprobe und Repräsentativität. In Die Familie in Westdeutschland. Stabilität und Wandel familialer Lebensformen, ed. H. Bertram, 497-532. Opladen: Leske & BudrichAries, P. 1980. Two Successive Motivations for the Declining Birth Rate in the West. Population and Development Review 6: 645-650Atoh, M. 2001. Very Low Fertility in Japan and Value Change Hypotheses. Review of Population and Social Policy 10: 1-21Atoh, M. 2008. The Relevance of Ideational Changes to Family Transformation in Postwar Japan. In International Family Change. Ideational Perspectives, ed. R. Jayakody, A. Thornton and W. Axinn, 223-250. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum AssociatesAtoh, M., V. Kandiah and S. Ivanov. 2004. The Second Demographic Transition in Asia? Comparative Analysis of the Low Fertility Situation in East and South-East Asian Countries. Japanese Journal of Population 2: 42-75Bender, D., W. Bien and C. Alt. 1996. Anlage des Familiensurvey, Datenbasis und methodische Aspekte. In Familie an der Schwelle zum neuen Jahrtausend. Wandel und Entwicklung familialer Lebensformen, ed. W. Bien, 271-291. Opladen: Leske & BudrichBlossfeld, H.P. and J. Huinink. 1991. Human Capital Investments or Norms of Role Transition? How Womens Schooling and Career Affect the Process of Family Formation. American Journal of Sociology 97: 143-168Blossfeld, H.P. and U. Jaenichen. 1992. Educational Expansion and Changes in Womens Entry into Marriage and Motherhood in the Federal Republic of Germany. Journal of Marriage and the Family 54: 302-315Caldwell, J.C. 1982. The Theory of Fertility Decline. London/New York: Academic PressColeman, D. 2004. Why we dont have to believe without doubting in the Second Demographic Transition - some agnostic comments. Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2004(2): 11-24Department of Social Structure Research. 1998. The 2nd Survey of Japanese Family Households Report. Tokyo: National Institute of Population and Social Security ResearchDiekmann, A. 1990. Der Einfluß schulischer Bildung und die Auswirkungen der Bildungsexpansion auf das Heiratsverhalten. Zeitschrift für Soziologie 19: 265-277Durkheim, E. 1978. The conjugal family. In Emile Durkheim on Institutional Analysis, ed. M. Traugott, 229-239. Chicago: University of Chicago PressGoode, W.J. 1963. World Revolution and Family Patterns. New York: Free PressGoode, W.J. 1993. World Changes in Divorce Patterns. New Haven, London: Yale University PressHuinink, J. and M. Wagner. 1995. Partnerschaft, Ehe und Familie in der DDR. In Kollektiv und Eigensinn. Lebensverläufe in der DDR und danach, ed. J. Huinink, K. U. Mayer, M. Diewald, H. Solga, A. Soerensen and H. Trappe, 145-188. Berlin: Akademie VerlagHuinink, J., J. Brüderl, B. Nauck, S. Walper, L. Castiglioni and M. Feldhaus. 2011. Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam). Conceptual framework and design. Zeitschrift für Familienforschung 23: 77-101Infratest Sozialforschung. 2000. Familie und Partnerbeziehungen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Familiensurvey 2000. Methodenbericht. München: InfratestKagitcibasi, C. 2005. Autonomy and Relatedness in Cultural Context. Implications for Self and Family. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 36: 403-422Kagitcibasi, C. 2006. Theoretical perspectives on family change. In Families Across Cultures. A 30-Nation Psychological Study, ed. J. Georgas, J.W. Berry, F.J.R. van de Vijver, C. Kagitcibasi and Y.H. Poortinga, 72-89. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University PressKagitcibasi, C. 2007. Family and Human Development Across Cultures. A View From the Other Side. Mahwah, NJ: ErlbaumKaneko, R., T. Sasai, S. Kamano, M. Iwasawa, F. Mita and R. Moriizumi. 2008. Marriage Process and Fertility of Japanese Married Couples. Japanese Journal of Population 6: 24-50Klein, T. 1995. Heiratsmarkt und Marriage Squeeze. In Familie im Brennpunkt von Wissenschaft und Forschung, ed. B. Nauck and C. Onnen-Isemann, 357-368. Neuwied/ Kriftel: LuchterhandKlein, T. 2003. Die Geburt von Kindern in paarbezogener Perspektive. Zeitschrift für Soziologie 32: 506-527Kravdal, O. and R. Rindfuss. 2008. Changing Relationships between Education and Fertility: A Study of Women and Men Born 1940 to 1964. American Sociological Review 73: 854-873Kreyenfeld, M. and J. Huinink. 2003. Der Übergang zum ersten und zweiten Kind. Ein Vergleich zwischen Familiensurvey und Mikrozensus. In Partnerschaft und Familiengründung. Ergebnisse der dritten Welle des Familien-Survey, ed. W. Bien and J.H. Marbach, 43-64. Opladen: Leske & BudrichKumagai, F. 2008. Families in Japan. Changes, Continuitiers, and Regional Variations. Lanham: University Press of AmericaLeipziger Institut für empirische Forschung. 1991. Familie und Partnerbeziehung in der Bundesrepublik (Ost). Methodenbericht zur Datenerhebung 1990/91. LeipzigLerner, D. 1958. The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing in the Middle East. Glencoe, IL: Free PressLesthaeghe, R. 1983. A Century of Demographic and Cultural Change in Western Europe: An Exploration of Underlying Dimensions. Population and Development Review 9: 411-435Lesthaeghe, R. 2010. The Unfolding Story of the Second Demographic Transition. Population and Development Review 36(2): 211-251Lesthaeghe, R. and J. Surkyn. 2008. When History Moves On: The Foundations and Diffusion of a Second Demographic Transition. In International Family Change. Ideational Perspectives, ed. R. Jayakody, A. Thornton and W. Axinn, 81-117. New York: Lawrence ErlbaumMaslow, A. 1954. Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper & RowMayer, K.U. 2007. Retrospective Longitudinal Research: The German Life History Study. In Handbook of Longitudinal Research: Design, Measurement and Analysis, ed. S. Menard, 85-106. San Diego: ElsevierNaderi, R., D. Jürgen and K. Ruckdeschel. 2009. Einleitung - Der Generations and Gender Survey in Deutschland: Zielsetzung, Verortung, Einschränkungen und Potenziale. Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft 34: 5-30Nauck, B. 2007. Value of Children and the Framing of Fertility: Results from a Crosscultural Comparative Survey in 10 Societies. European Sociological Review 23(5)Nauck, B. 2009. One or two pathways to modernity? A systematic comparison of Kagitcibasis Model of Family Change and the Model of the Second Demographic Transition. In Perspectives on Human Development, Family, and Culture, ed. S. Bekman and A. Aksu-Koc, 209-226. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressNazio, T. and H.P. Blossfeld. 2003. The diffusion of cohabitation among young women in West Germany, East Germany and Italy. European Journal of Population-Revue Europeenne De Demographie 19(1): 47-82Nishioka, H., M. Yamauchi, Y. Koyama, Y. Chitose, S. Kamano, K. Suga and A. Hoshi. 2012. The Family Changes in Contemporary Japan: Overview of the Results of the Fourth National Survey on Family in Japan (2008). Japanese Journal of Population, 10(1): 1-31Nishioka, H., Y. Koyama, A. Hoshi and S. Shirahase. 2010. The Family Changes in Contemporary Japan: Overview of the Results of the Third National Survey on Family in Japan (2003). Japanese Journal of Population 8(1): 1-33Raymo, J.M. and M. Iwasawa. 2005. Marriage Market Mismatches in Japan: An Alternative View of the Relationship between Womens Education and Marriage. American Sociological Review 70: 801-822Rindfuss, R.R., M.K. Choe, L.L. Bumpass and N.O. Tsuya. 2004. Social Networks and Family Change in Japan. American Sociological Review 69: 838-861Ruckdeschel, K., A. Ette, G. Hullen and I. Leven. 2006. Generations and Gender Survey. Dokumentation der ersten Welle der Hauptbefragung in Deutschland. Wiesbaden: Bundesinstitut für BevölkerungsforschungShirahase, S. 2000. Womens Increased Higher Education and the Declining Fertility Rate in Japan. Review of Population and Social Policy 9: 47-63Sobotka, T. 2008. The diverse faces of the Second Demographic Transition in Europe. Demographic Research 19: 171-224Strohmeier, K.P. and J. Huinink. 2003. Germany. In International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family, ed. J.J. Ponzetti, 735-743. New York: MacmillanSurkyn, J. and R. Lesthaeghe. 2004. Value Orientations and the Second Demographic Transition (SDT) in Northern, Western and Southern Europe: An Update. Demographic Research 3(Special Collection): 45-86Suzuki, T. 2006. Fertility Decline and Policy Development in Japan. Japanese Journal of Population 4: 1-32Takahashi, S. 2004. Demographic Investigation of the Declining Fertility Process in Japan. Japanese Journal of Population 2: 93-116Thornton, A. 2005. Reading History Sideways. The Fallacy and Enduring Impact of the Developmental Paradigm on Family Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Pressvan de Kaa, D.J. 1987. Europes Second Demographic Transition. Population Bulletin 42van de Kaa, D.J. 2003. The Idea of a Second Demographic Transition in Industrialized Countries. Journal of Population and Social Security 1: 1-34van de Kaa, D.J. 2004. Is the Second Demographic Transition a useful research concept? Questions and answers. Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2004(2): 4-10