Intensity and structure of cross-border traffic are influenced by economic, social, political,formal-legal, infrastructural, environmental, and even historical factors. A part ofthese factors result from global processes, which may lead to dramatic transformationshaving very broad repercussions. The present article tracks the influence exerted by selectedeconomic and geopolitical events on traffic across the eastern border of Poland.These events include the accession of Poland to the EU and to the Schengen Zone, theRussian-Ukrainian conflict, and the introduction of embargoes on definite groups of goodsby Russia. The characteristics of cross-border traffic are treated, therefore, as representinga measure for the resilience displayed by the trans-border system of socio-economicconnections. Cross-border traffic is analysed by traffic of persons and heavy goods vehicles(HGV). It is demonstrated that cargo traffic is subjected to the geopolitical andmacro-economic situation, while sizes and directions of the traffic of persons are mainlyshaped by legal and local cross-border trade conditions.