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Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs
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I. Rechtsgeschichte des Mittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit
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Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
A-1011 Wien, Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2
Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3420, Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400 https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at, e-mail: verlag@oeaw.ac.at |
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DATUM, UNTERSCHRIFT / DATE, SIGNATURE
BANK AUSTRIA CREDITANSTALT, WIEN (IBAN AT04 1100 0006 2280 0100, BIC BKAUATWW), DEUTSCHE BANK MÜNCHEN (IBAN DE16 7007 0024 0238 8270 00, BIC DEUTDEDBMUC)
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Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs 10. Jahrgang Heft 2/2020, pp. 232-240, 2021/05/12
Mittel- und osteuropäische Rechtshistorische Konferenz 2019
Central and Eastern European Legal History Conference 2019
The topic of this article is the history of the German minority in Hungary in the first half of 20th century from the point of view of the legal history. After the First World War, Hungary became a nation state, in which the approximately half a million Danube Swabians were the biggest minority. Directly after the First World War, Hungary tried to implement another minority policy than at the time of the Austro‐Hungarian Monarchy, and concepts of autonomy were made. This period ended after the peace treaty of Trianon, and the so‐called Horthy regime was characterised by the return to the traditions of the period of the dual monarchy. This changed before the Second World War, as Nazi Germany made the German minorities abroad an instrument of its politics. The Germans founded the Volksbund, a national‐socialistic oriented ethnic organisation, Germans got cultural autonomy but were forced to enlist in the German armed forces. After the Second World War, the deprivation of rights of the Germans begun: in 1945–1946, 60,000 were transported to the Soviet Union for forced labour; in 1946–1948 approximately 166,000 were forced to leave Hungary, and the 200,000 left in Hungary had no citizens’ rights at all.
Keywords: Danube Swabians – forced migration – German minority – minority rights