VIRUS Band 19, pp. 071-094, 2021/06/10
Schwerpunkt: Objekte als Quellen der Medizingeschichte
Simulation phantoms are a subclass of models. They serve to learn a demanding (medical)skill. The l’oeil artificiel ophthalmoscopique, developed in 1866 by the French surgeonMaurice Perrin (1826–1889), is regarded as the first ophthalmoscopy phantom that comesquite close to imitating the natural conditions of the eye during mirroring. Such phantoms aredeveloped in order to support the learner to operate e. g. the hand-held-ophthalmoscope. Intensivepractice on the phantom gives the budding physician more confidence in the future use ofthe mirror in a real doctor-patient ophthalmoscopy situation. Perrin’s phantom was especiallyused to train military doctors in coping with the instrument and to analyse refractive errors.However, 19th century specialists showed only little interest in this kind of skill-training for theophthalmologist-to-be.
Keywords: Phantom, Simulation, Medical Training, Ophthalmoscopy, Refractive Errors, Optometer, Specialisation, Fundus of the Eye, Retinal Image, 19th Century, Paris, Military School of Medicine Val-de-Grâce
