Geistes-, sozial- und kulturwissenschaftlicher Anzeiger, 159. Jahrgang 2024, pp. 33-44, 2025/04/16
159. Jahrgang 2024
Borders Matter: Rereading the Rhine-Danube Limes and the End of the Roman Empire
The problem of borders began with Romulus’ murder of Remus. Numa created Rome’s ‘sacred boundary’. Her borders then shifted outwards in all directions. After the victories over the Cimbri and Teutones and then over the Gauls, Caesar reached the Rhine; after Varus’s defeat at the hands of Arminius (9 CE), the Limes stabilised the northern border. The Danube border remained permeable from the reign of Marcus Aurelius (161-180 CE) onwards. Germanic tribes were increasingly enlisted in the Roman army. Restive populations in the north, on the one hand, and the wealth of the south, on the other, resulted in border-crossings by migrating peoples after the Battle of Adrianople in 378. The ensuing conficts could not be resolved either by military or political means.
Keywords: Fall of Rome; borders; defence vs. integration; love of peace vs. willingness to fight; population growth vs. prosperity