• Vienna Institute of Demography (Ed.) - Miguel Sánchez-Romero - Michaela Kreyenfeld - Iñaki Permanyer - Michaela Potančoková - Vanessa di Lego (Guest Eds.)

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2025

Population inequality matters

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The Vienna Yearbook of Population Research is an open access journal that features contributions addressing population trends as well as a broad range of theoretical and methodological issues in population research. Besides Research articles and Review articles, the journal includes Data and Trends contributions, which analyse changes in population dynamics or present databases and data infrastructure. It also features Perspectives articles, which focus on ideas, concepts or theories, as well as invited Debates reflecting on selected questions and issues. Since 2008, the volumes have been devoted to selected themes following special calls for thematic issues.

The 2025 volume of the Vienna Yearbook of Population Research focuses on the role of population inequality in demographic research, particularly, on the interplay between population diversity and social inequality. Besides classical markers of heterogeneity in individual behavior, such as gender, age, education, family status, migration background, urban-rural residence and socio-economic status, other sources of inequality are covered in the volume. They include marginalized populations, such as homeless people, generational and spatial factors as well as emerging trends, such as digitalization. Understanding population inequality is key for modeling population developments and projecting them into the future. Equally important is to understand how and why different types of inequality arise and evolve, and what policy challenges they impose for socio-economic development, welfare systems and social cohesion.

Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
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Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2025
ISSN 1728-4414
Print Edition
ISSN 1728-5305
Online Edition
ISBN 978-3-7001-9681-5
Print Edition
ISBN 978-3-7001-9682-2
Online Edition



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Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
A-1011 Wien, Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2,
Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3420, Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400
https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at, e-mail: bestellung.verlag@oeaw.ac.at
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The association between education and entry into parenthood across origin groups and migrant generations in Belgium: A model-based synthetic life table approach

    Leen Marynissen, Karel Neels, Jonas Wood

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2025, pp. 421-447, 2025/12/17

Population inequality matters

doi: 10.1553/p-7b6f-83c5


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doi:10.1553/p-7b6f-83c5

Abstract

Educational gradients in both the timing of parenthood and the proportion of women having a first child have been well-documented in the literature. It remains unclear, however, to what extent educational gradients in fertility in the general population mask variation in the education-parenthood nexus between population subgroups, particularly those with a migration background. Applying discrete-time hazard models to population-wide register data for Belgium in the 1990–2010 period, this descriptive study compares the association between educational attainment and entry into parenthood between native Belgian women, women who moved to the country before age 18 (1.5 generation) and descendants of migrants who were born in Belgium (second generation). We find that first births are consistently postponed to older ages with increasing levels of education in all groups, with timing differentials being more articulated for several origin groups compared to natives. With respect to the proportion of women having a first child, we find that the negative educational gradient has disappeared among native women, whereas substantial negative gradients emerge in Southern European, Eastern European, Turkish and Maghrebi origin groups. Finally, we find that educational gradients in the second generation with respect to both the timing of parenthood and the proportion of women having a first child are more similar to the gradients found among native women than is the case for women of the 1.5 generation. This paper contributes to the larger body of research on factors that shape unfolding life courses in populations with a migration background, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the potential implications of such increasing diversity on fertility trends.

Keywords: Education; Parenthood; Migration background; Synthetic life table analysis; Belgium