• Vienna Institute of Demography (Ed.) - Miguel Sánchez-Romero - Michaela Kreyenfeld - Iñaki Permanyer - Michaela Potančoková - Vanessa di Lego (Guest Eds.)

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2025

Population inequality matters

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The Vienna Yearbook of Population Research is an open access journal that features contributions addressing population trends as well as a broad range of theoretical and methodological issues in population research. Besides Research articles and Review articles, the journal includes Data and Trends contributions, which analyse changes in population dynamics or present databases and data infrastructure. It also features Perspectives articles, which focus on ideas, concepts or theories, as well as invited Debates reflecting on selected questions and issues. Since 2008, the volumes have been devoted to selected themes following special calls for thematic issues.

The 2025 volume of the Vienna Yearbook of Population Research focuses on the role of population inequality in demographic research, particularly, on the interplay between population diversity and social inequality. Besides classical markers of heterogeneity in individual behavior, such as gender, age, education, family status, migration background, urban-rural residence and socio-economic status, other sources of inequality are covered in the volume. They include marginalized populations, such as homeless people, generational and spatial factors as well as emerging trends, such as digitalization. Understanding population inequality is key for modeling population developments and projecting them into the future. Equally important is to understand how and why different types of inequality arise and evolve, and what policy challenges they impose for socio-economic development, welfare systems and social cohesion.

Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
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Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2025
ISSN 1728-4414
Print Edition
ISSN 1728-5305
Online Edition
ISBN 978-3-7001-9681-5
Print Edition
ISBN 978-3-7001-9682-2
Online Edition



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Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
A-1011 Wien, Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2,
Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3420, Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400
https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at, e-mail: bestellung.verlag@oeaw.ac.at
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Reducing urban–rural population inequalities: The divergent roles of internal and international migration

    Leo van Wissen, Becky Arnold

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2025, pp. 83-93, 2025/12/17

Population inequality matters

doi: 10.1553/p-c6ed-4d5m


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doi:10.1553/p-c6ed-4d5m

Abstract

This article addresses recent urbanisation trends in Europe. European countries are in the post-transitional stage of the demographic transition, where natural population growth is stagnant or negative, and the growth or decline of the total population is often determined by the size of the migration flows. This applies not only to countries, but even more so to regions within countries. At the same time, the role of international migration has become more pronounced. Our Debate contribution explores the role of migration in population change at different levels of urbanisation. The results show that natural population increase is still the rule in the metropolitan areas in Europe, in contrast to the strong negative growth rates in non-metropolitan regions. A typology of demographic change in European regions at the NUTS 3 level in Europe reveals that many declining regions still experience positive net migration change. The most important result of our analysis is that whereas internal migration generally follows the established pattern of urban regions gaining population at the cost of rural regions, the pattern of international migration is much more even, highlighting the potential for international migration to reduce regional demographic inequalities.

Keywords: Regional migration; Regional typology; Metropolitan and non-metropolitan population change; Spatial inequalities; International migration; Population growth; Sub-national population dynamics

Published Online: 2025/12/17

Object Identifier: 0xc1aa5572 0x00408ba7

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Rights: © The Author(s), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2025 This article/book is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) that allows the sharing, use and adaptation in any medium, provided that the user gives appropriate credit, provides a link to the license, and indicates if changes were made.