• Marta LUCIANI

The Archaeology of North Arabia.
Oases and Landscapes

Proceedings of the International Congress held at the
University of Vienna, 5-8 December, 2013

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Marta Luciani
is Professor of Ancient Near Eastern Archaeology and History at the Institute of Near Eastern Studies, University of Vienna.


The Archaeology of North Arabia: Oases and Landscapes provides us with the proceedings of the namesake international congress organised at the University of Vienna. Its rich list of contributions both on recent results of field activities and new considerations on different settlement patterns and historical and cultural processes within North Arabia makes this volume a state-of-the-art account of the multiple scholarly pursuits in the region.

The innovative topics are connected both to field research and interpretative anthropological approaches: from the oasis formation paradigm, the debate on crops, on local types of agriculture and water management systems in different desert and oases landscapes, and on the date of appearance of date palm cultivation, to funerary and ceremonial landscapes in their transition and transformation from the Chalcolithic to the Bronze and Iron Ages; from the ground-breaking presence of Syro-Levantine metal weapons in early second millennium BCE graveyards of the Northern Hejaz, the phenomenon of large-scale diffusion of oases-produced pottery wares, the attestation of chariots on rock art, and the challenges of modern-day archaeology and cultural resource management, down to the concept of environmental differentiation and identity, between mobility and connectivity.

New data and the multi- and transdisciplinary methodology espoused by the volume dramatically change our understanding of the social and cultural development, especially of social complexity, of an area often neglected in scholarly studies in the past. These proceedings, therefore, contribute substantially in positioning the archaeology of North Arabia into the broader perspective of the archaeology of the Ancient Near East, from the Neolithic to the pre-Islamic period and will hopefully become a standard work for understanding the Arabian Peninsula for years to come.

Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
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A-1011 Wien, Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2
Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3420, Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400
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The Archaeology of North Arabia. Oases and Landscapes


ISBN 978-3-7001-8002-9
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ISBN 978-3-7001-8086-9
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Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
A-1011 Wien, Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2,
Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3420, Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400
https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at, e-mail: bestellung.verlag@oeaw.ac.at
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3 The Socio-Hydraulic Foundations of Oasis Life in NW Arabia: The 5th Millennium BCE Shepherd Environs of Rajajil, Rasif and Qulban Beni Murra

    Hans Georg K. Gebel

The Archaeology of North Arabia, Oases and Landscapes, pp. 79-114, 2016/11/30

Proceedings of the International Congress held at the
University of Vienna, 5-8 December, 2013

€  119,– 

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Abstract

Recent archaeological research in the sepulchral landscapes of the 6th and 5th millennia BCE in northwest Arabia encountered mobile, well/trough/dam-based pastoral cultures that were sustained by the moisture episodes of Arabia’s Mid Holocene. These unknown, partly megalithic cultures appear to be characteristic for the land use in today’s arid belt stretching from northwest Africa to Yemen: their sites must have been meeting places for ancestor commemoration, watering flocks and social transaction in the former steppe environments dotted with lakes, water holes and high aquifers, even allowing for a semi-permanent occupation of hydrologically favoured locations. The sepulchral well cultures of Qulban Beni Murra, Rajajil and Rasif (5th millennium BCE) are discussed here in terms of their hydraulic competence and social structures, and in terms of their potential of being the progenitor cultures of Arabia’s earliest oasis socio-economies. These 5th millennium BCE cultures are assumed to have ended in an environmentally forced shift/adaptation to the sustainable sedentarisation of the Arabian Peninsula, gradually taking place from the end of the 5th millennium BCE when the climate became drier. Based on the northwest Arabian evidence, this contribution presents a set of research hypotheses – or a model – on how such a general socio-hydraulic transition from mobile herding to sedentary horticulture during the 5th and 4th millennia BCE may have taken place on the Arabian Peninsula.

Keywords: Arabia’s Mid Holocene pastoral well cultures, Arabia’s Mid Holocene environment, early oases’ economies, forced socio-hydraulic subsistence shifts