• Marta LUCIANI

The Archaeology of North Arabia.
Oases and Landscapes

Proceedings of the International Congress held at the
University of Vienna, 5-8 December, 2013

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Marta Luciani
is Professor of Ancient Near Eastern Archaeology and History at the Institute of Near Eastern Studies, University of Vienna.


The Archaeology of North Arabia: Oases and Landscapes provides us with the proceedings of the namesake international congress organised at the University of Vienna. Its rich list of contributions both on recent results of field activities and new considerations on different settlement patterns and historical and cultural processes within North Arabia makes this volume a state-of-the-art account of the multiple scholarly pursuits in the region.

The innovative topics are connected both to field research and interpretative anthropological approaches: from the oasis formation paradigm, the debate on crops, on local types of agriculture and water management systems in different desert and oases landscapes, and on the date of appearance of date palm cultivation, to funerary and ceremonial landscapes in their transition and transformation from the Chalcolithic to the Bronze and Iron Ages; from the ground-breaking presence of Syro-Levantine metal weapons in early second millennium BCE graveyards of the Northern Hejaz, the phenomenon of large-scale diffusion of oases-produced pottery wares, the attestation of chariots on rock art, and the challenges of modern-day archaeology and cultural resource management, down to the concept of environmental differentiation and identity, between mobility and connectivity.

New data and the multi- and transdisciplinary methodology espoused by the volume dramatically change our understanding of the social and cultural development, especially of social complexity, of an area often neglected in scholarly studies in the past. These proceedings, therefore, contribute substantially in positioning the archaeology of North Arabia into the broader perspective of the archaeology of the Ancient Near East, from the Neolithic to the pre-Islamic period and will hopefully become a standard work for understanding the Arabian Peninsula for years to come.

Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
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Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3420, Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400
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The Archaeology of North Arabia. Oases and Landscapes


ISBN 978-3-7001-8002-9
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ISBN 978-3-7001-8086-9
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Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Austrian Academy of Sciences Press
A-1011 Wien, Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2,
Tel. +43-1-515 81/DW 3420, Fax +43-1-515 81/DW 3400
https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at, e-mail: bestellung.verlag@oeaw.ac.at
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7 Landscape and Settlement Process in al-Kharj Oasis (Province of Riyadh) .

    Jérémie Schiettecatte, Antoine Chabrol, Éric Fouache

The Archaeology of North Arabia, Oases and Landscapes, pp. 257-280, 2016/11/30

Proceedings of the International Congress held at the
University of Vienna, 5-8 December, 2013

€  119,– 

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Abstract

This paper confronts the proto-historical and historical settlement pattern in the oasis of al-Kharj (Central Arabia) with the environmental context by taking into account the results of the recent fieldwork. By superimposing an archaeological map of the oasis on the geomorphological map, different settlement strategies appear at different periods of time. During the Bronze and Iron Ages, the location of the sites – mostly necropolises – is dictated by the geological, topographic and hydrological contexts. Systematically close to a source of water, the necropolises are nevertheless located far enough from the threat of floodwaters, in a dominant position. As striking features in the landscape, they played a role in the appropriation of land by people of the Bronze Age. The settlement pattern drastically changes at the turn of the Christian era. Then, the location of sites – mostly settlements – is dictated by the close proximity of arable lands. At a certain stage of their development that we are inclined to date to the very Late Pre-Islamic and Early Islamic periods local populations started to take benefit of all the water sources available in the oasis for agricultural purposes, including those outside the alluvial plain, by digging monumental hydraulic structures.

Keywords: Arabia, Najd, Bronze and Iron Ages, Late Pre-Islamic and Early Islamic periods, settlement pattern, landuse, qanāt