The paper deals with the reestablishment of the academic teaching staff in psychiatry (and neurology, given the fact that psychiatry and neurology formed one academic and practical medical discipline) in Vienna after 1945; its almost total destruction beginning in 1938by expulsion of Jews and political opponents and, continuing for the remaining few, in 1945 for their national socialistic involvements. The paper starts with an overview of the teachers, full professors and associates, in 1937 (before the serious events of 1938), continues with the efforts to guarantee the academic teaching in psychiatry and neurology between 1938 and 1945 and then focuses on the step by step reestablishment of an appropriate academic teaching staff in 1945 and the following 25 years under the direction of Otto Kauders (1893–1949), appointed in 1945, and his sucessor Hans Hoff (1897–1969) who remigrated from the United States in 1949, both confessed students of Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1857–1940). The incoming teachers are described with short biographies, their main scientific topic when qualifying for lecturing and their further role in the field. Markers of their general background are raised. At the end of the period a teaching staff was reestablished that quantitatively resembled the one destroyed in 1938 and was fit to fulfill their individual and societal tasks in the years to come.